Rol de las imágenes en la patología arterial no ateroesclerótica poco frecuente en el abdomen / Role of images in rare vascular pathology in the abdomen

Resumen La patología arterial no ateromatosa constituye un grupo de patologías poco frecuentes, pero de gran importancia debido a su morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas. La presentación clínica de estas entidades es inespecífica, por lo que el estudio inicial con imágenes es fundamental. Debido a esto, es muy importante reconocer los signos radiológicos característicos de cada una en las diversas modalidades imagenológicas para poder sospechar y orientar el diagnóstico.

Abstract Non-atheromatous arterial pathology constitutes a group of infrequent pathologies but of great importance due to their associated morbidity and mortality. In general, the clinical presentation of these pathologies is quite nonspecific, so the clinician decides to perform imaging studies thinking of more common entities. It is for this reason that it is very important to recognize characteristic radiological signs in the various imaging modalities to be able to suspect and orient a pathology of this kind.

Surviving complications of retroperitoneal fibrosis with intermittent relapses over a period of 20 years: case report and literature review / Sobrevivir a las complicaciones de la fibrosis retroperitoneal con recaídas intermitentes durante un período de 20 años: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura

Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare fibro-inflammatory disease of varied etiology which usually originates around aorta and spreads caudally along Iliac vessels into adjacent retroperitoneum causing ureteral obstruction as the most frequent complication.A 53-year-old male patient presented with complaint of mild pain in both the legs off and on. On investigating further, we found that he had been struggling with intermittent relapses every 3-4 years for last 20 years since he was first diagnosed with Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis. He was 33-year-old when he first developed the symptoms of anuria for 48 hours and was diagnosed with Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. This was followed by atrophy of left kidney and hypertension 6 years later, then hypothyroidism after another 3years and finally involvement of Inferior Vena Cava and acute Deep Vein Thrombosis of lower limbs after another 3-4 years. His deep vein thrombosis was well managed in time. He was put on glucocorticoids everytime he had a relapse and a complication.We did a review of literature to understand recent advances about its pathogenesis, diagnosis, investigations and management. We searched in PubMed using terms like retroperitoneal fibrosis alone and in combination with related terms such as Inferior Vena Cava thrombosis, Deep Vein Thrombosis, Tamoxifen, Methotrexate. This case is unique as it is very rare to find acute Deep Vein Thrombosis in Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis without development of any collaterals when Inferior Vena Cava lumen is compromised to almost complete obstruction.After a follow up of 20 years patient is doing well in terms of physical activity and psychological wellbeing with anti-hypertensives, thyroxine and anti-coagulants. Is the disease-free interval actually free of the disease or it just subsided with immunosuppressants to become active after some time?

La fibrosis retroperitoneal idiopática es una enfermedad fibroinflamatoria rara, de etiología variada que generalmente se origina alrededor de la aorta y se propaga caudalmente a lo largo de los vasos ilíacos en retroperitoneo adyacente causando obstrucción ureteral como la complicación más frecuente.Reportamos el caso de un paciente varón de 53 años que se presentó con un dolor leve en ambas piernas. Al investigar más a fondo, descubrimos que había estado luchando con recaídas intermitentes cada 3-4 años durante los últimos 20 años desde que se le diagnosticó por primera vez fibrosis retroperitoneal idiopática. Tenía 33 años cuando desarrolló por primera vez los síntomas de anuria durante 48 horas y se le diagnosticó fibrosis retroperitoneal idiopática. Esto fue seguido por atrofia del riñón izquierdo e hipertensión 6 años después, luego hipotiroidismo después de otros 3 años y finalmente afectación de la vena cava inferior y trombosis venosa profunda aguda de las extremidades inferiores después de otros 3-4 años. Su trombosis venosa profunda se controló bien a tiempo. Le recetaron glucocorticoides cada vez que tenía una recaída y una complicación.Hicimos una revisión de la literatura para comprender los avances recientes sobre su patogenia, diagnóstico, investigaciones y manejo. Se realizaron búsquedas en PubMed utilizando términos como fibrosis retroperitoneal sola y en combinación con términos relacionados como trombosis de la vena cava inferior, trombosis venosa profunda, tamoxifeno, metotrexato. Este caso es único, ya que es muy raro encontrar trombosis venosa profunda aguda en fibrosis retroperitoneal idiopática sin desarrollo de colaterales cuando la luz de la vena cava inferior está comprometida hasta una obstrucción casi completa.Después de un seguimiento de 20 años, el paciente se encuentra bien en términos de actividad física y bienestar psicológico con antihipertensivos, tiroxina y anticoagulantes. ¿El intervalo libre de enfermedad está realmente libre de la enfermedad o simplemente disminuyó con inmunosupresores para activarse después de algún tiempo?

Tumor retroperitoneal en el espectro de enfermedades asociadas a igg4 / Retroperitoneal tumor in the clinical spectrum of igg4 related disease

Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 55 años sin antecedentes, que acude por dolor abdominal, se realiza una tomografía abdominopélvica evidenciando un tumor retroperitoneal de aspecto quístico en la periferia de la aorta abdominal, que afecta el riñón izquierdo. Se le realizó una laparotomía exploratoria, nefrectomía izquierda, tumorectomía retroperitoneal y una resección de un fragmento de la aorta abdominal con reporte histopatológico, corroborado por una prueba inmunohistoquímica de fibrosis retroperitoneal y aortitis por IgG4. El espectro de enfermedades relacionadas con IgG4 es de origen inmunológico con la capacidad de involucrar casi cualquier órgano. La epidemiología no es precisa, aunque se observa mayor predilección por la raza asiática, siendo más común durante la séptima década de vida. El diagnóstico radica en la coexistencia de varios parámetros clínicos, laboratoriales e histopatológicos, sin ser ninguno de estos patognomónicos. El objetivo del presente artículo es exponer el reporte de un caso con manifestación inusual de fibrosis retroperitoneal y dar a conocer que la importancia del diagnóstico radica en la decisión terapéutica, ya que cursa con buena respuesta al tratamiento inmunosupresor.

We present the case of a 55-year-old woman, with noclinical pathological history, who presented with abdominal pain, abdominopelvic tomography showing retroperitoneal tumoral in the periphery of the abdominal aorta, which affects the left kidney producing hydronephrosis. Exploratory laparotomy, left radical nephrectomy, retroperitoneal tumorectomy and resection of a fragment of abdominal aorta were performed, with histopathological report, corroborated by immunohistochemistry of retroperitoneal fibrosis and IgG4 aortitis. The spectrum of diseases related to IgG4, are of immunological origin that can involve almost any organ. The epidemiology is not precise, although a greater predilection for the Asian race is observed, being more common in the seventh decade of life, it should be suspected in patients with unexplained pain in one or more organs.The diagnosis lies in the coexistence of several clinical, laboratorial and histopathological parameters, without being any of these pathognomonic. We present a case with unusual presentation of retroperitoneal fibrosis and the importance of the diagnosis lies in the therapeutic decision, since it responds well to immunosuppressive treatment, without requiring surgical management.

Clinical features of hydronephrosis induced by retroperitoneal fibrosis: 17 cases reports / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical features and outcome of hydronephrosis induced by retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF), and to evaluate the effect of corticosteroid based therapy combined with surgical intervention of ureteral obstruction.@*METHODS@#A total of 17 RPF patients with hydronephrosis hospitalized in Peking University International Hospital from May 2016 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively.@*RESULTS@#The median age was 56 (53, 65) years, the male to female ratio was 2.4 : 1, and the disease duration was 4.00 (0.83, 8.00) months. The initial symptoms included back pain (9 cases), abdominal pain (6 cases), oliguria (2 cases) and lower limb edema (3 cases). Eight patients presented left hydronephrosis, 1 right hydronephrosis and 8 bilateral hydronephrosis. C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were both elevated in 13 patients (76.5%, n=17). Immunoglobin (Ig) G4 increased in 5 cases (29.4%, n=17). IgG, IgE and IgA increased in 4 cases (30.8%, n=13), 4 cases (30.8%, n=13) and 1 case (7.7%, n=13), respectively. Among 12 patients who underwent biopsy, 3 patients were diagnosed with IgG4-relate disease. The level of IgG4 in the tissues varied, 6 cases expressed less than 10 per high power field (HPF) or no expression (50.0%). Only 2 cases expressed 10-30/HPF (16.7%), and 4 cases revealed more than 30/HPF (33.3%). Among the 17 patients with ureteral obstruction, no urinary drainage procedure was needed in 4 patients who had mild ureteral obstruction, whereas, ureteral stenting was carried out in the other 13 cases before drug treatment. Time was too short to evaluate the effect of urinary drainage procedures in 4 patients. For the rest, ureterolysis had to be performed in 3 cases after failed ureteral stent insertion. Successful drain removal was accomplished in all of these 9 patients and the mean time to drain removal was (6.7±3.0) months. In addition, 10 patients had complete medical records after an average follow-up time of 5 (3-13) months. Levels of ESR, CRP, IgG4, IgG, IgE, IgA were 54.0 (36.3, 98.5) mm/h, 26.8 (8.7, 53.0) mg/L, 1.34 (0.55, 3.36) g/L, 16.3 (13.0, 21.1) g/L, 40.5 (31.4, 203.0) IU/mL, 2.51 (1.82, 3.25) g/L at baseline, which all decreased predominantly after treatment. ESR, CRP, IgG4, IgG, IgE and IgA dropped by 38.5 (23.5, 54.3) mm/h (P < 0.01), 23.0 (5.5, 52.0) mg/L (P < 0.05), 0.92 (0.40, 2.85) g/L (P < 0.01), 6.5 (1.7, 9.1) g/L (P < 0.05), 23.7 (4.8, 162.0) IU/mL (P < 0.05) and 0.77 (0.32, 1.26) g/L (P < 0.05), respectively. Size of mass measured by CT/MRI imaging became smaller significantly and hydronephrosis relieved.@*CONCLUSION@#Onset of RPF is insidious and lack of specific initial symptoms. Corticosteroid based therapy combined with surgical intervention of relieving obstruction is effective.

Fibrosis retroperitoneal como causa de uropatía obstructiva. Reporte de caso / Retroperitoneal fibrosis as a cause of obstructive uropathy. Case report

Resumen La fibrosis retroperitoneal es una patología rara, en la mayoría de los casos idiopática, aunque se ha asociado a medicamentos, neoplasias y otras enfermedades de tejido conectivo. Histopatológicamente se evidencia inflamación y depósito de tejido fibrótico en el retroperitoneo y se caracteriza por cubrir los uréteres provocando lesión renal aguda obstructiva siendo ésta, la manifestación más frecuente; el diagnóstico definitivo se obtiene únicamente con biopsia y la base del tratamiento es la corticoterapia, aunque en casos severos y en resistencia a los corticoides se han usado otras terapias como los inmunomuladores. En ocasiones son necesarias las intervenciones quirúrgicas para el manejo de las complicaciones. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 50 años que ingresó al servicio de urgencias del Hospital San José por dolor abdominal, los paraclínicos demostraron elevación de los azoados y en las imágenes diagnósticas hidronefrosis izquierda con componente de tejido blando interaortocava y periaórtico, se realizó biopsia retroperitoneal y se hizo diagnóstico de fibrosis retroperitoneal idiopática, se instauraron nefrostomías bilaterales y se inició manejo con corticoide.

Abstract Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare, in most cases idiopathic, pathology, although it has been associated with medications, neoplasms and other connective tissue diseases. In terms of histopathology, inflammation and deposits of fibrotic tissue in the retroperitoneum are observed and, characteristically, this covers the urethra, provoking acute obstructive kidney damage, the most frequent manifestation of the disease. The definitive diagnosis is obtained solely via biopsy, and the basis of treatment is corticotherapy, although in severe cases, and where resistance to corticosteroids exists, other treatments have been used, such as immunomodulators. Occasionally, surgical interventions are necessary to manage complications. The case of a 50-year-old man who came to the Hospital emergency service due to abdominal pain is presented. Paraclinical studies showed azotemia, and diagnostic images showed left hydronephrosis with a component of interaortocaval and periaortic soft tissue. A retroperitoneal biopsy was conducted, and a diagnosis of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis was made. Bilateral nephrostomies were put in place and treatment with corticosteroids was initiated.

Antecedentes históricos de la enfermedad relacionada con IgG4 / Historical history of IgG4­related disease

El concepto de enfermedad relacionada a IgG4 se introdujo en la literatura médica hace menos de dos décadas. Este surgió a raíz del registro creciente de manifestaciones extrapancreáticas asociadas a la pancreatitis esclerosante linfoplasmocitaria y a la detección concomitante de niveles séricos aumentados de IgG4 en estos pacientes. Por siglos, muchas manifestaciones de esta enfermedad fueron designadas por epónimos y consideradas idiopáticas. Ya hace más de setenta años, Norman Barrett unió dentro de un mismo grupo patológico algunas de las distintas manifestaciones de esta enfermedad al observar las similitudes macro­ y microscópicas en ellas, aunque no se pudo corroborar una misma etiopatogenia hasta comienzos de este siglo. Se revisó aquí la evolución histórica de esta entidad. (AU)

Retroperitoneal fibrosis in the era of immunoglobulin G4-related disease

BACKGROUND: Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare disease characterized by fibroinflammatory tissue in the periaortic or periiliac retroperitoneum, where it frequently encases ureters. There is emerging evidence that a subset of this disease is part of a spectrum of multisystemic autoimmune diseases collectively referred to as “immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease”. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 27 idiopathic RPF patients and identified a subset as IgG4-related RPF, which we categorized according to recently published comprehensive diagnostic criteria. We compared clinical and laboratory characteristics and response to treatment between the two groups. RESULTS: Of 27 total patients, 16 (59.3%) were diagnosed as having IgG4-related RPF, and these were predominantly male. They were also significantly older and more likely to have other organ involvement, hydronephrosis, and postrenal acute kidney injury (AKI) compared to those with idiopathic RPF. However, there was no difference in response rate to systemic steroid treatment. CONCLUSION: IgG4-related RPF accounts for a substantial portion of RPF cases previously identified as “idiopathic RPF” in Korea. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of IgG4-related RPF are similar to those of idiopathic RPF except for a striking male predominance, older age, and higher incidence of postrenal AKI in IgG4-related RPF. More comprehensive, prospective studies are needed to clearly distinguish IgG4-related RPF from idiopathic RPF based on clinical manifestation and to further assess treatment response and long-term prognosis.

Immunoglobulin G4-Related Aortitis of the Abdominal Aorta / 대한흉부외과학회지

Noninfectious aortitis, inflammatory abdominal periaortitis, and idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis are chronic inflammatory diseases with unclear causes. Recent studies have shown that some cases of aortitis are associated with immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related systemic disease. Herein, we report a case of IgG4-related aortitis (IgG4-RA) that was diagnosed after surgery. Our patient was a 46-year-old man who had experienced abdominal pain for several weeks. Preoperative evaluations revealed an area of aortitis on the infrarenal aorta. He underwent surgery, and histological examination resulted in a diagnosis of IgG4-RA.

Imágenes en Medicina: fibrosis peritoneal / Medical images: retroperitoneal fibrosis

Se reporta el caso de un paciente varón de 36 años con antecedente de litiasis renal que visita al urólogo por lumbalgia crónica y astenia. Se solicita laboratorio que arroja aumento de reactantes de fase aguda y leucocitosis. El diagnóstico por imagen comprende tomografía (TC) de abdomen y pelvis con contraste endovenoso (EV), TC tórax, ecografía testicular con doppler color y Resonancia Magnética de abdomen y pelvis con gadolinio EV. El servicio de diagnóstico por imágenes plantea la posibilidad de fibrosis retroperitoneal como primer diagnóstico diferencial. Se solicita biopsia de la lesiónpara su confirmación, que demuestra tejido fibrótico, confirmando el diagnóstico de fibrosis retroperitoneal, en este caso idiopática

The case of a 36-year-old male patient with a history of renal lithiasis who visits the urologist for chronic low back pain and asthenia is reported. Laboratory is requested to show an increase in acute phase reactants and leukocytosis. The imaging diagnosis includes tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis with intravenous contrast, chest CT, testicular ultrasound with color doppler and Magnetic Resonance of the abdomen and pelvis with gadolinium. The diagnostic imaging service raises the possibility of retroperitoneal fibrosis as the first differential diagnosis. Biopsy of the lesion is requested for confirmation, which demonstrates fibrotic tissue, confirming the diagnosis of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis, in this case

Hipofisitis linfoplasmocitaria y fibrosis retroperitoneal asociadas a un síndrome poliglandular autoinmune: enfermedades relacionadas con IgG4. Caso clínico / Hypophysitis and retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome and IgG4-related disease: report of one case

We report a 23 year old woman presenting with a nephrotic syndrome due to minimal change disease, central diabetes insipidus, primary hypothyroidism, vitiligo and universal alopecia. Eleven years later, she presented secondary amenorrhea due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, with mild hyperprolactinemia and central adrenal insufficiency. A magnetic resonance imaging of the sella turcica showed a pituitary mass with suprasellar extension that was resected using a transsphenoidal approach. Pathology confirmed the presence of a lymphoplasmacytic hypophysitis. She needed a second surgical resection due to mass growth and neuro-ophthalmologic impairment. One year later, systemic lupus erythematosus, arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus were diagnosed. Two years later, due to back pain, constipation and renal failure, retroperitoneal fibrosis was found, satisfactorily treated with glucocorticoids and colchicine. Hence, this clinical vignette shows the coexistence of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome with retroperitoneal fibrosis and lymphoplasmacytic hypophysitis. Tissue analysis showed the presence of IgG4 producing plasma cells in the pituitary and retroperitoneum, which constitute a basis for the diagnosis of IgG4 related disease.

A propósito de un caso de lipoma retroperitoneal / Retroperitoneal Lipoma: A case report

Los lipomas retroperitoneales son infrecuentes y suelen representar el 2.9% de los tumores primarios de origen en retroperitoneo1 . Pueden alcanzar gran tamaño y el diagnóstico diferencial debe hacer con el liposarcoma bien diferenciado, aunque es muy difícil de realizar en el preoperatorio2 . Se presenta el caso de un paciente con lipoma retroperitoneal cuyo diagnóstico se realizó por tomografía axial computada (TAC) y que fue extirpado en su totalidad.

Retroperitoneal lipomas are infrequent and can represent a 2.9 % of the primary tumors originated in the retroperitoneum. They can reach a great size and the differential diagnosis must be performed with the well differentiated liposarcoma, even though it is very difficult to establish it during the preoperative time. We describe herein a case of a patient with a retroperitoneal lipoma. The diagnosis was established with a computed axial tomography (CAT) and it was totally surgically removed.

Espectro clínico de la enfermedad relacionada con IgG4 en Colombia / Clinical spectrum of IgG4-related disease in Colombia

RESUMEN La enfermedad relacionada con IgG4 es una condición inflamatoria sistémica, caracterizada por la infiltración de diversos órganos por complejos formados por células plasmáticas IgG4 positivas, asociadas con niveles elevados de IgG4 en el suero. El diagnóstico de esta enfermedad es complejo y los hallazgos clínicos no son patognomónicos. En esta serie de casos, describimos un amplio espectro clínico en 4 pacientes, en quienes, después de descartar otros diagnósticos, se confirmó la enfermedad relacionada con IgG4. A pesar de que esta enfermedad no es común, se debe considerar entre los diagnósticos diferenciales de enfermedades con afectación de múltiples órganos. Este reporte de pacientes con enfermedad relacionada con IgG4, en Colombia, resalta un amplio espectro de presentaciones clínicas, incluyendo estenosis subglótica, pancreatitis autoinmune, fibrosis retroperitoneal y compromiso sistémico.

ABSTRACT IgG4-related disease is an inflammatory systemic condition noted by the infiltration of different organs by IgG4-bearing plasma cells, as well as elevated serum IgG4 levels. Diagnosis of this condition is complex, and clinical findings are not particularly indicative. In this case series, a description is presented on 4 patients with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, in whom, after ruling out different options, a diagnosis of IgG4 related disease was confirmed. Despite this disease not being common, it should be considered among the options whenever multiple organs are affected. This report of patients with IgG4-related disease in Colombia highlights a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, including subglottic stenosis, autoimmune pancreatitis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and systemic compromise.

Cancer of Unknown Primary Site Mimicking Retroperitoneal Fibrosis / 대한내과학회지

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare disease characterized by marked fibro-inflammatory tissue in the retroperitoneum. Approximately 70% of cases of RPF are idiopathic, while the rest can be secondary to several other causes. The diagnosis is mainly obtained by imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT). However, histological examination should be considered when the clinical manifestations and imaging studies suggest malignancy. In particular, in malignant diseases with retroperitoneal metastases, abnormal collagen plaques are formed from an exuberant desmoplastic response, which may not be distinguishable from RPF on CT scans. Therefore, even if CT suggests RPF, biopsy is essential to identify malignant disease because it typically results in a fatal prognosis. Here, we report a case of metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site that developed only in the retroperitoneum and was initially diagnosed as RPF based on CT findings.

A case of retroperitoneal fibrosis responding to steroid therapy

ABSTRACT A 69-year-old man presented at the hospital with complaints of prolonged stomach pain extending from the week prior. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a low density area in the retroperitoneal space. A radiologist diagnosed the patient with retroperitoneal fibrosis. One week later, an enhanced CT revealed an exponential increase of the low density area and slight right hydronephrosis. Upon admission, prednisolone administration was initiated at a dose of 40mg/day. The size of the retroperitoneal soft tissue mass decreased gradually. Although the dose of prednisolone was tapered to 5mg, the patient is doing well without any sign of recurrence.

Retroperitoneal Fibrosis Associated with Immunoglobulin G4-related Disease / 대한소화기학회지

No abstract available.

Uropatía obstructiva recurrente en arteritis de Takayasu / Recurrent upper urinary tract obstruction in takayasu arteritis

La arteritis de Takayasu (AT) es una enfermedad inflamatoria infrecuente de vasos grandes. A menudo, el daño crónico originado en las grandes arterias requiere de revascularización mediante prótesis vasculares. Excepcionalmente la implantación de las prótesis origina lesiones en otros órganos, como los uréteres, los cuales pueden obstruirse por compresión extrínseca por el tejido fibroso retroperitoneal originado como reacción a la presencia de la prótesis vascular.Se comunica el caso de una mujer que presentó hidronefrosis bilateral en forma asincrónica después de los 2 años de la instalación de una prótesis aorto-ilíaca con insuficiencia renal aguda, la cual pudo revertirse mediante. (AU)

Takayasu's arteritis is a rare inflammatory disease of large vessels. Often, chronic damage resulting in large arteries stenosis requires revascularization with vascular prostheses. Exceptionally, the presence of prostheses causes lesions in other organs, such as ureters, which are subject to extrinsic compression caused by retroperitoneal fibrous tissue originated as a reaction to the presence of vascular prostheses. We report the case of a woman who presented bilateral asynchronous hydronephrosis after 2 years of the installation of an aorto- iliac graft with acute renal failure, which could be reversed by releasing the ureter from the periprosthetic fibrous retroperitoneal tissue.(AU)

Differentiation of Lymphoma Presenting as Retroperitoneal Mass and Retroperitoneal Fibrosis: Evaluation with Multidetector-row Computed Tomography / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) and lymphoma presenting as retroperitoneal mass may closely resemble each other and misdiagnosis may occur. This study investigated the differential imaging features of RPF and lymphoma which presented as a retroperitoneal soft tissue using multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 42 consecutive patients were included in this retrospective review, including 19 RPF patients (45.2%; including 13 males and 6 females; mean age: 56.7 ± 6.2 years) and 23 patients with lymphoma (54.8%; including 14 males and 9 females; mean age: 57.4 ± 12.3 years). An array of qualitative computed tomography (CT) features of lesions in 42 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed untreated RPF and lymphoma were retrospectively analyzed. The quantitative size of the lesion at the para-aortic region and attenuation in the precontrast, arterial, and portal phases were calculated in regions of interest and compared between the patients with newly diagnosed untreated RPF and with lymphoma. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the potential diagnostic value of each quantitative parameter. Inter-reader concordance was also calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mean ages between patients with RPF and lymphoma were not significantly different (56.7 ± 6.2 years vs. 57.4 ± 12.3 years P = 0.595). Compared to those in patients with lymphoma, homogeneous enhancement (65.2% vs. 94.7%, P = 0.027) and pelvic extension (52.2% vs. 89.5%, P = 0.017) were significantly more common while the involvement of additional nodes (78.3% vs. 5.3%, P < 0.001), suprarenal extension (60.9% vs. 15.8%, P = 0.004), and aortic displacement (43.5% vs. 5.3%, P = 0.006) were significantly less common in patients with RPF. Lesion size at the para-aorta was significantly greater in patients with lymphoma, compared with RPF patients (3.9 ± 1.2 cm vs. 1.8 ± 0.6 cm; P < 0.001). The attenuation values in three phases were not significantly different between patients with RPF and lymphoma. Inter-reader concordance for subjective features ranged from very good to excellent (range: 85.7-100.0%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study showed that MDCT can help differentiate between untreated RPF and lymphoma on the basis of qualitative CT features and lesion sizes. Differentiating RPF from lymphoma on the basis of attenuation values in the precontrast, arterial, and portal phases was difficult to accomplish.</p>

Retroperitoneal fibrosis: case series of five patients and review of the literature / Fibrose retroperitoneal: série de cinco casos e revisão da literatura

ABSTRACT Chronic periaortitis (CP) is an umbrella term used to describe a group of nosologically allied conditions that include idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (Ormond's disease), inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm, and perianeurysmal retroperitoneal fibrosis. Retroperitoneal fibrosis encompasses a range of diseases characterized by the presence of a fibro-inflammatory tissue, which usually surrounds the abdominal aorta and the iliac arteries and extends into the retroperitoneum to envelop neighboring structures-ureters. Retroperitoneal fibrosis is generally idiopathic, but can also be secondary to the use of certain drugs, malignant diseases, infections, and surgery. Here we describe a 5 years follow up (2006-2011) of 5 patients admitted to our hospital with symptoms, laboratory, imaging and pathologic finding compatible with retroperitoneal fibrosis. We review our clinical course of our patient with respect to the literature.

RESUMO Periaortite crônica (PC) é um termo genérico usado para descrever um grupo de condições nosologicamente ligadas que incluem a fibrose idiopática retroperitoneal (doença de Ormond), o aneurisma da aorta abdominal inflamatório e a fibrose retroperitoneal perianeurismática. O termo fibrose retroperitoneal engloba uma gama de doenças que se caracterizam pela presença de um tecido fibroinflamatório que geralmente envolve a aorta abdominal e as artérias ilíacas, se estende ao retroperitôneo e envolve estruturas ureterais vizinhas. A fibrose retroperitoneal geralmente é idiopática, mas pode também ser secundária ao uso de determinados fármacos, doenças malignas, infecções e cirurgia. Este estudo descreve o seguimento por cinco anos (2006-2011) de cinco pacientes internados em nosso hospital que apresentavam sintomas e achados laboratoriais, de imagem e patológicos compatíveis com a fibrose retroperitoneal. Revisou-se a evolução clínica dos pacientes, que foi comparada com os achados da literatura.

Retroperitoneal Extramedullary Plasmacytoma / 대한내과학회지

Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a plasma cell tumor located outside of the bone marrow. It most often occurs in the upper respiratory tract (85%), as well as the head and neck, and very rarely occurs in the retroperitoneum. Here we report the case of a 57-year-old woman with retroperitoneal EMP.